The person charging this material is re- sponsible for its return to the library from which it was withdrawn on or before the Latest Date stamped below. Theft, mutilation, and underlining of books are reasons for disciplinary action and may result in dismissal from the University. To renew call Telephone Center, 333-840O UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN L161 O-1096 FIELDIANA: BOTANY A Continuation of the BOTANICAL SERIES of FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOLUME 31 The Library of the JAN 1 8 1979 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY CHICAGO, U. S. A. 520.5 FB vi 31 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 1. Two New Species of Palms from Nicaragua. By S. F. Glassman ... 1 2. Tropical American Plants, VI. By Louis O. Williams 11 3. Agriculture, Tehuacan Valley. By C. Earle Smith, Jr 49 4. Flora, Tehuacan Valley. By C. Earle Smith, Jr 101 5. Preliminary Studies in the Palm Genus Syagrus Mart, and Its Allies. By S. F. Glassman 145 6. Tropical American Plants, VII. By Louis 0. Williams 165 7. Supplement to Orchids of Guatemala. By Donovan S. Correll .... 175 8. Preliminary Notes on Scrophulariaceae of Peru. By Gabriel Edwin . . 223 9. New Species in the Palm Genus Syagrus Mart. By S. F. Glassman . . 233 10. Tropical American Plants, VIII. By Louis 0. Williams 247 11. Notes on the Flora of Costa Rica, I. By William C. Burger 273 12. A New Eurystyles from Nicaragua. By Alfonso H. Heller 279 13. New Species in the Palm Genus Syagrus Mart. By S. F. Glassman . . 285 14. A Revision of the Family Geastraceae. By Patricio Ponce de Leon . . 303 15. Studies in American Plants. By Dorothy N. Gibson 353 16. Two New Nicaraguan Juglandaceae. By Antonio Molino R 357 17. Studies in the Palm Genus Syagrus Mart. By S. F. Glassman .... 363 18. Tropical American Plants, IX. By Louis O. Williams . ... 401 PRELIMINARY NOTES ON THE SCROPHULARIACEAE OF PERU GABRIEL EDWIN NEW SPECIES IN THE PALM GENUS SYAGRUS MART. S. F. GLASSMAN TROPICAL AMERICAN PLANTS, VIII LOUIS 0. WILLIAMS Univeisuy of Illinois MAR 20 1968 FIELDIANA: BOTANY VOLUME 31, NUMBERS 8, 9, 10 Published by FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY APRIL 24, 1967 LIBRARV NEW SPECIES IN THE PALM GENUS SYAGRUS MART. S. F. CLASSMAN Professor of Biology, University of Illinois Research Associate, Field Museum of Natural History FIELDIANA: BOTANY VOLUME 31, NUMBER 9 Published by FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY APRIL 24, 1967 PUBLICATION 1024 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 67-19650 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BY FIELD MUSEUM PRESS New Species in the Palm Genus Syagrus Mart. In the process of studying herbarium material of Syagrus from various institutions, I have encountered a number of collections which do not fit into the provisional key to the genus proposed by me in a recent article 1 nor do they seem to fit into recognized species. Some of these plants are described below as new species. I am grateful to Josephine Sennet for the line drawings and to the National Science Foundation which supported part of this work. Syagrus archeri Glassman, sp. nov. Figure 1. Palma acaulis. Folia ca. 87 cm. longa; pinniis utrinque 28 aequaliter pinnati- secta; spadix ca. 34 cm. longus pars ramosa 19 cm. rachilliis ca. 19; flores masculi et 6-7 mm. et 3.5-5.0 mm. alti; flores feminei 6-7 mm. alti. Acaulescent palm or with short trunk to 0.3 m. long. Petiole 5.5-8.0 cm. long, about 0.6 cm. wide, sheathing base about 13 cm. long; rachis of leaf about 69 cm. long; pinnae 28 pairs, unclustered, mostly subopposite or opposite along rachis, glabrous on both surfaces, middle ones up to 41 cm. long, 0.7 cm. wide, mostly with long acuminate tips; expanded part of spathe up to 29 cm. long and 2.6 cm. wide, glaucous on outside, becoming eglaucous with age; branched part of spadix up to 19 cm. long, branches up to 19 in number, each branch up to 8 cm. long; male flowers 6-7 mm. long and 3.5-5.0 mm. long, sepals 1.5-3.0 mm. long; female flowers 6-7 mm. long, 5-6 mm. wide; fruit (immature) 1.6 cm. long, about 1.0 cm. in diameter, endocarp 0.5-1.0 mm. thick, cavity smooth; seed not seen. BRAZIL: State of Minas Gerais, Fazenda Morro Redondo, near Lavras, in burned-over pasture, 20 Sept. 1936, W. A. Archer 4048 (A, holotype; BH, NY, MO, US). Another specimen (0. Handro 313 [SP], state of Sao Paulo, Casa Branca, 18 Sept. 1952) collected about 130 miles to the west of Lavras, may be the same species; but the spathe is slightly wider (3 cm.), the male and female flowers are slightly longer (both up to 8 mm.) and the spadix branches are slightly longer (up to 9.5 cm.). Syagrus archeri seems to be related to S. graminifolia var. nana (Drude) Becc. from Brazil. Both are acaulescent and have very nar- row, unclustered pinnae; but the female flowers are slightly shorter 1 Preliminary Studies in the Palm Genus Syagrus and its Allies. Fieldiana, Bot. 31, 147-164. 1965. 235 FIG. 1. Holotype of Syagrus archeri Glassman. Archer 40^8 (A). 236 FIG. 2. Holotype of Syagrus cardenasii Glassman. Cardenas 5500 (BH). 237 238 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 31 (6-8 mm., rather than 8-9 mm.) and wider (5-6 mm., rather than 3.5 mm.), and the spadix branches are shorter (up to 9.5 cm., rather than up to 16 cm.) and more numerous (up to 19, rather than up to 5 in number). During July 1965, I visited a grassland area about 16 km. north of Lavras and observed about 100 living specimens. I was told that there were similar stands of this species throughout the region. Sya- grus archeri is fairly common in other grasslands and pastures of Minas Gerais near Paraopeba, Curvelo and south of Diamantina. A number of specimens were collected from palms in these localities, but unfortunately I have only recently received the specimens from Brazil for study. Syagrus cardenasii Glassman, sp. nov. Figure 2. Palm 1-2 m. alta. Petiolus 38 cm. longus; pinnis utrinque 32 in gregibus dis- positus; spadix ca. 54 cm. longus pars ramosa 27 cm. longa; flores masculi 5-9 mm. alti; flores feminei 7-9 mm. alti; fructus 2.2 cm. longus, 1.6 cm. diam.; semine 1.1 cm. longo, 0.75 cm. lato. Palm 1-2 m. tall, apparently growing in clumps. Petiole 38 cm. long, about 1 cm. wide; rachis of leaf blade up to 57 cm. long; pinnae 32 pairs, single or in loose clusters of 2-3, grayish-green above, but not waxy, yellowish-green below, middle- lower ones up to 30 cm. long and 0.75 cm. wide, mostly with narrowed oblique tips; expanded part of spathe up to 38 cm. long and up to 3.3 cm. wide, brownish- tomentose to glabrous on outside; branched part of spadix up to 27 cm. long, branches 9-11 in number, each branch up to 22 cm. long; male flowers 8-9 mm. long on lower part and 5.0-7.5 mm. long on upper part; female flowers 7-12 mm. long, 6-8 mm. wide, sepals and petals with more or less acute tips; pistil 5.5mm. high; ovary densely short pubescent for most part; mature? fruit about 2.2 cm. long, 1.6 cm. in diameter, slightly beaked; endocarp bony, 2-2.5 mm. thick along sides, 3-3.5 mm. thick at extremities, cavity trivittate, smooth; seed about 1.1 cm. long, 0.75 cm. in diameter, endosperm homogeneous, cavity very narrow. BOLIVIA: Province of Chuquisaca, between Monteagudo and Muyupampa, alt. 1800 m., dry forest, slopy soil, "Motzcuchi," May 1959, M. Cardenas 5500 (BH, holotype; US). Syagrus cardenasii seems to be related to S. cocoides Mart, from Brazil. Both taxa have pinnae which are single or in loose clusters, spadix branches of more or less the same length and number, and fe- male flowers of about the same size and shape. The new species differs from S. cocoides in the narrower pinnae (less than 1 cm., rather than up to 2.5 cm. wide), smaller male flowers (up to 9 mm., rather than up to 19 mm. long), and smaller fruits (2 cm., rather than 5 cm.) which are only slightly beaked rather than long beaked. FIG. 3. Holotype of Syagrus hatschbachii Glassman. Hatschbach 11668 (F). 239 240 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 31 Syagrus hatschbachii Glassman, sp. nov. Figure 3. Palma acaulis. Folia ca. 60 cm. longa pinniis utrinque 20 aequaliter pinnati- secta; spadix ca. 20 cm. longus pars ramosa 9.5 cm. longa rachillae ca. 13; flores masculi 4-6 mm. alti; flores feminei 4-5 mm. alti. Apparently acaulescent palms. Petiole (partly cut off) about 9 cm. long, 0.5 cm. wide; rachis of leaf blade about 41 cm. long; pinnae 20 pairs, unclustered, mostly subopposite or opposite along rachis, intervals between pinnae 1.5-2.0 cm., glabrous on both surfaces, middle ones up to 26 cm. long, 0.4 cm. wide, mostly with long acuminate tips; expanded part of spathe up to 12 cm. long and up to 2.5 cm. wide, densely dark brownish-tomentose on outside; branched part of spadix about 9.5 cm. long, branches up to 13 in number, each branch up to 6 cm. long; male flowers 4-6 cm. long, sepals with acuminate tips, unequal in size and shape, 1-4 mm. long; female flowers 4-5 mm. long, about 3.5 mm. wide. BRAZIL: State of Parana, Castro, Carambei, Rio S. Joao, campo seco, 3 Oct. 1964, G. Hatschbach 11668 (F). Another specimen (G. Hatschbach 8091 [RB], Parana, Ponta Grossa, Parque Vila Velha, Rio Arroio Guavirova, campo limpo, 30 July 1961) collected in a nearby locality and consisting of a leaf, flowers and fruiting material may be the same species. The leaf rachis, however, is about 74 cm. long and the intervals between the pinnae are mostly 2.5-3.0 cm. apart. The following description of the fruiting stage from this specimen is added : expanded part of fruit- ing spathe about 17 cm. long and 3.5 cm. wide; branched part of fruiting spadix 13 cm. long, branches 15 in number, each branch up to 11 cm. long; fruit (immature?) about 2 cm. long, 1.1 cm. in diam- eter with beak 4 mm. high, exocarp and mesocarp fibrous, endocarp woody, about 1 mm. thick, endocarp cavity smooth, trivittate; seed apparently destroyed by insects. Syagrus hatschbachii seems to be most closely related to S. lilli- putiana (Barb. Rodr.) Becc. from Paraguay. Both are acaulescent, have narrow (4-6 mm. wide) and unclustered pinnae, and have male and female flowers approximately the same size. The new species differs from S. lilliputiana mainly in the larger flowering spathes (12 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide, rather than 4 cm. long and 1.5 cm. wide), larger spadices (9.5 cm. long, rather than 4 cm. long), and longer and more numerous spadix branches (up to 6 cm. long and 13 branches, rather than up to 3 cm. long and 3 branches). Syagrus lofgrenii Glassman, sp. nov. Figure 4. Palma acaulis. Folia ca. 62 cm. longa, pinniis utrinque 32 in gregibus dispo- situs; spadix (pars ramosa) ca. 13 cm. longa; flores masculi 8 mm. alti; flores feminei 13 mm. alti. FIG. 4. Syagrus lofgrenii Glassman (from Lofgren 573). Leaf blade (left) and spadix (right) X 1; female flower (top) and male flowers (bottom) X 4. 241 FIG. 5. Holotype of Syagrus rachidii Glassman. Rachid 53520 (SP). 242 FIG. 6. Paratype of Syagrus mchidii Glassman. Toledo & Gehrt 43184 (SP). 243 244 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 31 FIG. 7. Separate Flowers all X 4. Male-left, Female-right. A. S. cardenasii; B. S. rachidii; C. S. archeri; D. S. hatschbachii. Acaulescent palm. Petiole (incomplete) 14 cm. long, 0.5 cm. wide; rachis of leaf blade (apical part missing) about 47 cm. long; approximately 32 pairs of pin- nae, mostly in loose clusters of 2-3, middle ones up to 17 cm. long and 0.5 cm. wide, mostly with narrowed oblique tips, scattered cottony-pubescent to glabrous on both surfaces; expanded part of spathe up to 17 cm. long and up to 2.5 cm. wide, cottony-pubescent to glabrous on outside; branched part of spadix up to 13 cm. long, branches about 6 in number, each branch up to 8 cm. long; male flower (only one observed) 8 mm. long; female flowers 13 mm. long, about 5 mm. wide; fruit not seen. BRAZIL: State of Sao Paulo, Rio Claro, campo, 5 June 1888, A. Lofgren 573 (SP). Syagrus lofgrenii seems to be related to S. graminifolia (Drude) Becc. from Brazil. Both are acaulescent, have narrow pinnae, appar- ently the same number of spadix branches, and female flowers of approximately the same size. The new species differs from S. gramin- ifolia in the shorter pinnae (up to 17 cm., rather than up to 40 cm. long) which are in loose clusters of 2-3, rather than unclustered and it has tips which are oblique, rather than acuminate. The branched part of the spadix is up to 13 cm. long, rather than up to 26 cm. long. During July 1965, I collected what appears to be this species in the vicinity of Itarapina, about 25 km. N.W. of Rio Claro. Further study of these specimens is necessary before exact determination can be made. GLASSMAN: NEW SPECIES OF SYAGRUS MART. 245 Syragus rachidii Glassman, sp. nov. Figures 5 and 6. Palma acaulis. Folia ca. 73 cm. longa, pinniis utrinque 44-46 in gregibus dis- positus; spadix (pars ramosa) ca. 15 cm. longa, rachillae ca. 13; flores masculi et 10-12 mm. et 7-8 mm. alti; flores feminei 12-13 mm. alti. Apparently acaulescent palms. Petiole about 16 cm. long, 0.6 cm. wide; rachis of leaf densely whitish-tomentose, 46 cm. long; middle pinnae mostly glabrous above, scattered brownish-tomentose below, in clusters of 2-3, up to 13 cm. long and 0.8 cm. wide, mostly with oblique tips; expanded part of spathe up to 16 cm. long, about 3.5 cm. wide, outer surface densely brownish-tomentose on lower half, glabrescent on upper half; branched part of spadix up to 15 cm. long, branches about 13 in number, each branch up to 8.5 cm. long; male flowers 10-12 mm. and 7-8 mm. long; female flowers 12-13 mm. long, about 5 mm. wide. BRAZIL: State of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, campos cerrados da Boa Vista, 5 Sept. 1947, Mercedes Rachid 53520 (SP). Another specimen (J. Toledo & A. Gehrt 43184 [SP, F], Sao Paulo, Campo Alegre, 25 Sept. 1940) appears to be the same species, but the leaves are smaller (rachis is only 23 cm. long and pinnae are up to 10 cm. long) ; however, these appear to be the innermost leaves which are generally smaller in size. This specimen has an underground stem 8 cm. long and about 3 cm. thick, and the spadices have fruits in vari- ous stages of development. The fruits (immature?) are covered with a brownish tomentum and are up to 2 cm. long and 1 cm. in diameter, with a distinct beak about 4 mm. long. Syagrus rachidii seems to be related to S. apaensis (Barb. Rodr.) Becc. from Paraguay because both are acaulescent, have narrow, clustered pinnae, have spadices approximately the same size with the same number of spadix branches, and both have tomentose spathes. The new species differs from S. apaensis, however, in the longer male and female flowers (10-12 mm. and 7-8 mm., rather than 7-8 mm. and 5-6 mm.; and 12-13 mm., rather than 8 mm.), shorter leaflets (13 cm., rather than 23 cm.) and shorter spadix branches (8.5 cm., rather than 13 cm.). Publications 1023, 1024 and 1025 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBANA